Halcyon skinnee



(No Model.)

H. SKINNBR.

TUPTBD FABRIC. No.. 257,395. Patented Mey 2,1882.

j WITNESSESZ W LWQM* M m w ATTORNEY.

N. Pneus. rhum-umgnpher. wmngmn. DA cA UNITED STATES- 'PA'TNT f OFF-ICE.

HALUYON SKINER, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK.

TUFTED FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,395, dated May 2,1882.

l Application filed July 9, 1881. (No niodeLl To all whom it mayconcern:

Be it known that I, HALCYON SKINNER, of

Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and 'State of New York, have madean invention 'connection with the accompanying drawings,

is a full, clear, and exact-.description and speci ica'tion of thesame.'

This invention relates mainly to tufted or pile fabricssuch as Moquettecarpetsin which what may be termed the web7 of the fabric is of somelow-priced material-such as jute or hempand does not show at theeippersurface, while that surface is formed tot' tufts of generally ahigher-priced material-such as 'wool-which are secured by scnieotl thethreads of the web.

The objects'of the invention are tofacilitate weaving and improve thefabric; aii'd the most important part of the invention consists of atufted fabric having the warp-threads, filling, (or weftthreads,) andtufts of tufting material combined in a particular manner.

In order that the invention maybe fully understood, I have representedin the accompanying drawings and will proceed to describe the fabric inthe best form in which I have embodied my invention at this date.

Figure 1 of said drawings represents a plan of the threads of the'web,and Fig. 2 represents a section of the same, the threads in both casesbein gseparated widely, so that their Varrangement may be seen, while inthe actual fabric the threads 'are by preference in close contact. .t y"i In the fabric thus representedlthe, warpthreads are divided into setsof four each, designated respectively 1 2 3 4, whilegthe weft or fillingthreads are three in number, and are designated respectively a b c, theweb being made up of repetitions of the three `lines or shoots of theweft-threads or iillinig, ir combination with the warp-threads. Inweaving the fabric in the loom the warp-threads are distributed to fourleaves of heddles, by the movements of which the sheds are formed forthe insertion of the filling. These warpthreads may for convenience beconsidered in pairs, one pair being formed by the threads l and 4, whilethe other pair is formed by the threads 2 and 3.

The filling-threads may for convenience be called back77 filling andtufting7or iupper77 filling, t the former comprising fillingthreads aand b, while the tnfting or upper filling is formed of the thirdiilling-tliread, c. In Weaving carpets it is expedient to double eachilling-thread 5 but as the two threads of such double iilling are alwaysin conjunction, are not separated by warp-threads, and are introducedinto the web at one operation, they may be considered as a singlethread.

The several threads above mentioned are combined with each other asfollows: Warpthreads l and 4 pass alternately over and under the backlling, a and b, thus'binding them together in pairs, thevchange ofthesewarpthreads from the upper to the under side. of the `back fillingbeing effected at the part of the fabric corresponding with the' thirdfilling or tuftinglling, c. On the other hand, warpthreads 2 and 3 passalternately under and over each shoot of the tufting-lling o, and at thesame time under and over the back-filling threads, b a, next on eachside ot' the tuft-ingfilling c. When the back-ling threads a b areintroduced into the sheds each is driven up after its insertion withoutthe application of tnfting material upon it; but when atufted fabric isto be produced the tufting material is,

introduced between the warp-threads before the tufting-filling is passedthrough ,the shed. Then the shoot of tufting-lling is inserted,and/afterward the tufting material is turned upward, so as to formtufts, which are'secured upon the tufting-lling c.

From the foregoing description and the drawings it appears that thewarp-threads 2 3 bind the tufting-lling and the tufts upon it to thebacking, and on the other hand, as the said Warp-threads 2 and 3 are notcrossed or transposed after the upper or tuftiug iilling is introdnceduntil the next shoot of back filling, a, has been introduced, there isnothing to pre. vent the said back iilling a from being driven firmly asclose to the next preceding shoot of back filling, b, as thewarp-threads will permit, and without any obstruction from the upper ortufting filling, c. Hence the back-filling threads a4 b form with thewarp-threads: a practically continuous or solid web at the under lsideof the fabric, while the tufting-flling threads c and the tuftingmaterial lay iupon such continuous web, instead of intervening betweenthe back-filling threads and sep-arating them materially. I

The fabric above described may be modified by doubling the number otshoots of tuitingllings and rows of tufting' material. In such case theshoots of filling are introduced as represented at c c iu section inFig. 3, one, c, of these shoots being bound down to the backing beneathby the warp-threads 2 and 3 and the next shoot, c', by the warp-threadsl and 4 in alternate succession. When the fabric is to be tufted each ofthese shoots c c' secures a row of tufts of the tufting material.

Several important advantages are incident to the fabric havingitsmembers combined as.

above described. Thus, Moquette carpets as usually made require fourshoots of filling to be inserted in the web for each row of tufts,

whereas a fabric ot' the above-described construction requires at mostonly three, thereby saving during weaving the time required to'introduce one shoot of each four. Again, all the warp-threads can bewoundupon one warpbeam, and there may bc an equal tension upon all thewarp-threads, thereby obviatin the necessity of em ploying two or morewarp-beams and distinct tension devices. The tuftingg material issupported upon the backing, and consequently is held at a greaterdistance from the surface of the back of the fabric than it wouldy be ifpartially intervening between the back filling-threads.

With the above advantages the fabric embodies the secure bindingof thetufting-tilling and of the tufting material to the back .illing,

and to .A the web formed by and .the warpgthreads. v

Ifth'e fabricis to be double-faced, additional tufting-iilling is to beintroduced at the under side ofltheI fabric, in which case the solid webformedfby the baek-lling threads a b and the warp-threads 1 and 4 willintervene between Ithef two faces of tufted material and thetuftingllling.

The improvement is not confined to Moquette carpets, asa fabric havingsubstantially the same combination of threads may be used for otherpurposes, and the tufts, instead of being cut, may consist of a seriesot' loops connected with each other in the direction of the lengths ofthe warp-threads.

I claim as my inventionl. The new fabric consisting substantially ot'warp-threads and iilling-threads combined as above set forth-that is tosay, with tdlieshoots ot' two back-filling threads and the warp-threadsforminga practically continuous backing, upon and to which theupper-tilling thread is bound by some of the warp-threads. v

2. The new tufted fabric consisting substantiallyot' warp-threads,lling-threads, and tufting material combined as above set forththat isto say, with the shoots of two back-lilling threads and the warp-threadsforming' a practically continuous web, upon and to -which the.tut'ing-iilling and the tufts are bound by some oil-'the warp-threads.

Witness my hand this 13th day of June, A. D. 1881.

HALUYON SKINNERI such back filling 40

